Is the 18th Century a ‘Less-Distant Mirror’ of Our Own Day?

“Many of the ethical norms of the previous century were loosened significantly, and folks tended to have a sense that they were operating in greater freedom” – and with a greater social conscience – “than their ancestors.” Social reform movements arose, parenting became less strict (and violent), politics became polarized, and many people were “spiritual but not religious” (e.g., Deism).

Why Some People Self-Injure: Pain Can Make Them Feel Better

In several studies, brain scans indicated that “pain led to decreased activity in the areas of the brain associated with negative emotion.” And you really do feel better when the pain stops: “it turns out that both general negative emotion and pain-induced negative emotion are processed in the same brain areas. This means that pain relief and emotional relief are essentially the same thing.”