“Martha Graham, Michel Fokine and other pioneers of early 20th-century dance rethought some of dance’s fundamental concepts in their rebellion against what they said was ballet’s empty virtuosity. They created philosophies and techniques of their own, giving an emotional impetus to everything physical. That dance gestures should not be assigned willy-nilly, but should have meaning, was one universal concept. Dance should be an outer manifestation of an inner life, these artists believed. This way of thinking seems to have fallen out of fashion, and has made dance that much the poorer.”