Herb Jeffries, 100, Hollywood’s First Black Singing Cowboy

“With a towering physique and a square jaw,” not to mention musical chops honed with Duke Ellington’s band, “Mr. Jeffries was perfectly suited to capitalize on the singing-cowboy movie craze that Gene Autry and Roy Rogers popularized in the 1930s. Black performers … had appeared in silent westerns, but the Stetson-sporting, six-gun-toting Mr. Jeffries inaugurated the concept of a black singer riding in the saddle as the hero.”

Keep Spinoza Excommunicated!

For almost 90 years, fans of the philosopher have been agitating for his 1656 expulsion from the Portuguese-Jewish community of Amsterdam to be overturned. When that community’s leaders considered undoing that decree in 2012, they asked Spinoza scholar Steven Nadler for advice. He told them “there were no good historical or legal reasons for lifting the ban, and rather good reasons against lifting it.” Here, he explains why.

Was It Unfair Of La Scala To Fire Alexander Pereira Before He Arrived?

“His plan was to bring four Salzburg productions to La Scala over the next three seasons, up to 2017, with further collaborations in the future … Pereira’s La Scala predecessor Stéphane Lissner did exactly the same: he put on four productions from Salzburg in his last four seasons. And by buying in shows from Salzburg, Pereira would have been saving La Scala money.”